Heat Exchangers for Electronic Equipment Cooling

Recent developments in the electronic equipment market have been very demanding on two important design parameters: the size of the equipment and the efficiency of the cooling system. Indeed, the race for more applications handling in reduced sizes in the case of smartphones requires the use of important amounts of energy in tiny volumes. Similar constraints are encountered in the design of the new generation of vehicles (electric cars, hybrid vehicles, high-speed trains, airplanes), which impose the use of highly integrated electronic structures, resulting in significant power densifications (up to several hundred Watts/cm2). In some CPU boards, the power generated per unit chip area is in the order of 500 kW/m2. Cooling of such boards requires low volume and lightweight heat exchangers to transfer tremendous amounts of heat. The same situation is encountered for most newly developed demotics’ equipment. This chapter reviews available state-of-the-art technologies for electronic equipment cooling, including passive and active techniques, as well as one and two-phase heat exchange. Directions for the design of the different heat exchangers will also be given

Decision support for centralizing cargo at a Moroccan airport hub using stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis

The geographical location of Morocco places it at the heart of important sea, air, rail and motorway transport routes between four continents. In this study we evaluate different alternatives to centralize multimodal cargo at a Moroccan airport hub. The choice depends on different socio-economical criteria, the geographical location, and the environmental impacts. Some of the criteria can be measured quantitatively, while for others only qualitative assessment is feasible. Furthermore, significant uncertainty is present in both the criteria measurements and the preferences. We aided this decision process using Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis (SMAA). SMAA is a method that allows the representation of a mixture of different kinds of uncertain, imprecise and partially missing information in a consistent way. The results indicated that two of the alternatives, Benslimane and Casablanca, were superior. As a result of the analysis, the National Airport Authority of Morocco started negotiations with investors to develop the hub at Benslimane.Transportation Air cargo hub Decision support Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis